Cirrhosis results from chronic injury to liver cells. This causes scarring and attempts to regenerate by surviving islands of cells, resulting in nodules separated by scar tissue. This alteration in architecture may severely reduce the ability of the liver to perform essential metabolic functions.
In Australia, excessive alcohol drinking is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis. High risk levels of alcohol intake are considered to be above four standard drinks per day for males, and over two standard drinks per day for females.