Haematuria

The aim of this topic is to review the causes and pathophysiology of haematuria.

Learning objectives:

At the completion of this topic you should be able to:

1. Describe methods for the detection of blood in urine, and describe ways in which the appearance of red cells may differ in relation to the origin of bleeding within the urinary tract.
2. List the causes of haematuria in terms of pre-renal, renal and post renal causes of blood loss.
3. Describe red blood cell casts and list the common causes.
4. Compare and contrast the pathological and clinical features of renal cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.
5. Describe the causes and pathophysiology of renal colic.
6. Outline the possible causes of haematuria in a person who in the past has chronically ingested compound analgesics.
7. Summarise the investigation of a patient with persistent haematuria.

1. List the common causes of haematuria due to pre-renal, renal and post-renal disorders.
2. Outline the clinical features and complications of renal cell carcinoma.

Case protocol associated with this topic - 17

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