Haematuria, hypertension and oliguria

The aim of this topic is to elucidate the pathophysiology of the nephritic syndrome and to review the common causes of acute renal failure.

Learning objectives:

At the completion of this topic you should be able to:

1. Describe the normal anatomy and physiology of the kidney.
2. Define the terms "oliguria", "nephritic syndrome", and "acute renal failure".
3. Describe the relationship between serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate.
4. Summarise the common causes of acute renal failure.
5. Explain the pathophysiological basis of the features of the nephritic syndrome.
6. For a patient with the nephritic syndrome, outline an appropriate sequence of investigations to determine the underlying lesion.
7. Discuss the common forms of proliferative glomerulonephritis according to pathological features and aetiology.
8. Outline an appropriate diagnostic approach to an individual with acute renal failure.
9. Discuss the indications for renal biopsy, investigations that should be undertaken prior to the procedure, the complications, and the ways that the pathologist assesses the biopsy.

1. What is "acute renal failure ", and which are the common underlying lesions?
2. Explain the pathogenesis of post-Streptococcal acute proliferative glomerulonephritis.

Other relevant protocol - 25

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