Pallor and oliguria

The aim of this topic is to revise the common causes of chronic renal failure and elucidate the pathophysiological consequences of this condition.

Learning objectives:

At the completion of this topic you should be able to:

1. List the common causes of chronic renal failure in Australia.
2. Describe differences in the pathophysiology of renal impairment due to glomerular and tubulointerstitial processes, and the ways that these differences may manifest clinically.
3. Discuss the aetiology and pathogenesis of analgesic nephropathy, reflux nephropathy, benign nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy.
4. Describe the pathophysiological basis of metabolic acidosis, anaemia, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, as seen in chronic renal failure.
5. Outline investigative approaches to determine the cause of chronic renal failure.
6. Summarise the factors that may lead to a deterioration of renal function in patients with stable, chronic renal failure.
7. Outline the common systemic complications that occur in chronic renal failure.

1. Outline the major biochemical abnormalities associated with chronic renal failure.
2. Write brief notes on diabetic nephropathy.

Case protocol associated with this topic - 30

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