Opportunistic infection

The aim of this topic is to review common acquired immunodeficiency states and their associated opportunistic infections, with particular emphasis on AIDS.

Learning objectives

At the completion of this topic you should be able to:

  1. List the common causes of acquired immunodeficiencies in approximate order of frequency.
  2. Describe the types of opportunistic infections in patients with the following acquired immunodeficiency states: acquired neutropaenia, malnutrition, leukaemia/lymphoproliferative disorders and high dose corticosteroid therapy.
  3. Explain why patients with immunodeficiency are at increased risk of developing infections, neoplasms, allergies and autoimmune disease.
  4. List groups at risk of developing AIDS and modes of transmission of HIV.
  5. Outline the stages in the natural history of HIV infection and the clinical and laboratory features of each stage.
  6. List the major opportunistic infections seen in AIDS and HIV-associated immunodeficiency.
  7. Describe the neoplasms most commonly found in patients infected with HIV.

Trial exam questions:

  1. Discuss the common causes of death in patients with HIV infection.
  2. Critically evaluate the statement that "HIV is the ultimate human pathogen".
  3. Outline the common causes and effects of acquired immunodeficiency syndromes other than HIV/AIDS.

Case protocol associated with this topic - 29

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