Anaphylaxis and shock

The aim of this topic is to revise the common causes and pathophysiology of shock, with particular emphasis on anaphylaxis, septicaemia and hypovolaemia.

Learning objectives:

At the completion of this topic you should be able to:

1. Define "shock", and describe the clinical features.
2. Classify the causes of shock on the basis of pathophysiology.
3. Explain the pathophysiology, and outline the common causes, of systemic anaphylaxis resulting from both allergic (type 1 hypersensitivity) and non-allergic mechanisms.
4. Appreciate the common factors that predispose to the development of septicaemia.
5. Describe the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced shock.
6. Explain how septicaemia can induce multiple organ failure.
7. Outline the pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with septicaemia.
8. Describe the appropriate laboratory investigation of a patient with septicaemia. In particular, list the common microorganisms that you would expect to culture under various clinical circumstances, and the haematological and biochemical abnormalities that may be associated with septicaemia.

1. Discuss the following statement: "Anaphylaxis and septic shock are two examples of shock due to a maldistribution of blood flow."
2. Discuss the immunopathogenesis and clinical manifestations of common allergic reactions to penicillin.

Other relevant protocol - 25

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